Military invasion is a military operation in which armed forces of one geopolitical entity enter another territory with the intent to conquer or occupy it. In some cases, this may involve changing the regime or leadership of a country. A more generalized justification for military invasion arose during the nineteenth century with Great Powers assuming the right to arrange world politics. This justification often manifested itself as the notion that a country could not defend itself against foreign invaders and that it was necessary to protect the citizens of the country from these foreigners.
An invasion usually involves a large number of soldiers entering a new environment and interacting with indigenous populations. This can have profound social, cultural, and economic effects on both the locals and the invading forces. In ancient times, kings would lead their armies in person to ensure that orders were carried out properly and to communicate important information to his troops.
In modern warfare, the invasion can be conducted via air or sea. Invasion by air often takes place over long distances and can be difficult to coordinate. The complexities involved in an air-based invasion can result in significant casualties, especially with the use of high-speed bombers. Invasions conducted by sea can be equally challenging and costly due to underwater hazards and a difficulty in establishing defenses.
A military invasion is a manpower intensive event that requires a great deal of supplies. To be successful, an invader must be able to outnumber the defenders by a considerable margin. In the case of a city attack, this can require a division or more in size of soldiers. Moreover, the attackers must be able to navigate through the streets and alleyways of the city without being spotted by the defenders who can easily pick off individual soldiers.
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