Armed conflict is a complex phenomenon with profound human, economic, social and environmental implications. It is one of the most serious causes of displacement globally. The ICRC’s largest operations are in countries affected by armed conflicts, many of which have lasted decades. Efforts to bring an end to such conflicts require an in-depth understanding of the root causes and a multifaceted approach that prioritizes the protection and well-being of civilians.
Theories of the causes of armed conflict range from those based on biological factors (innate instincts and imperfections of human nature) to those based on psychological phenomena such as aggression or frustration. They also include those based on a combination of these factors.
Ethnic and religious tensions, especially the marginalization of minority groups, are frequently a major cause of armed conflict. Such tensions may be exacerbated when these groups take up arms to defend their cultural, linguistic or religious affiliation and to achieve the level of representation and recognition they desire. The resulting cycle of discrimination and resistance can lead to the outbreak of armed conflict and its devastating consequences for those involved.
The lack of stable economic conditions is another commonly cited cause of armed conflict. Indeed, the degradation of renewable natural resources, for example, can increase the vulnerability of people to internal violence.
About the Author
