A boundary dispute is a disagreement between two or more entities, often nations or states, over the precise location of their territorial boundaries. Whether triggered by historic claims, geographical ambiguities, or political interests, they can create tensions or even armed conflict. Understanding how and why they arise can help promote international peace, security and stability.
The complexity of territorial disputes is rooted in many factors, including physical terrain, cultural identity and political fiat. Regardless of the origins, border disputes tend to be difficult to resolve peacefully and enduringly. International adjudicative and arbitral bodies are preferable to litigation because of their neutrality, flexibility and relative speed, as well as their international enforceability.
However, the finality of their decisions makes politicians nervous, particularly if the award results in a loss of territory. In addition, the net benefits (or costs) incurred by pressing disputed territorial claims may eventually make compromise more attractive than confrontation.
In the case of Kenya, for example, the border between Makueni and Taita Taveta is a hotly contested issue, with both sides claiming the Mtito Andei township, in which there are many busy highway businesses. This has led to protests by both Kamba and Taita residents.
For all these reasons, it is important for all countries to be able to identify their international boundaries precisely, settle territorial disputes through negotiations or by using effective dispute settlement mechanisms. This will require a commitment to cooperation and compromise, as well as a recognition of the importance of peacefully sharing resources within and across borders.
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